Distributed Quantum Gaussian Processes for Multi-Agent Systems
2026-02-16 • Multiagent Systems
Multiagent SystemsMachine Learning
AI summaryⓘ
The authors explore how quantum computing can improve Gaussian Processes (GPs), a method used for predicting data patterns. They introduce Distributed Quantum Gaussian Processes (DQGP) that work with multiple agents to handle bigger and more complex datasets. To solve tricky math problems that come up, they create a new algorithm called DR-ADMM that helps combine the work from different agents into one model. Their tests on simulated quantum hardware use real elevation data and show promise for faster and better modeling. This work also points out how future quantum computers might speed up these processes even more.
Gaussian ProcessesQuantum ComputingHilbert SpaceDistributed OptimizationMultiagent SystemsRiemannian OptimizationAlternating Direction Method of MultipliersQuantum SimulatorNon-stationary DataShuttle Radar Topography Mission
Authors
Meet Gandhi, George P. Kontoudis
Abstract
Gaussian Processes (GPs) are a powerful tool for probabilistic modeling, but their performance is often constrained in complex, largescale real-world domains due to the limited expressivity of classical kernels. Quantum computing offers the potential to overcome this limitation by embedding data into exponentially large Hilbert spaces, capturing complex correlations that remain inaccessible to classical computing approaches. In this paper, we propose a Distributed Quantum Gaussian Process (DQGP) method in a multiagent setting to enhance modeling capabilities and scalability. To address the challenging non-Euclidean optimization problem, we develop a Distributed consensus Riemannian Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (DR-ADMM) algorithm that aggregates local agent models into a global model. We evaluate the efficacy of our method through numerical experiments conducted on a quantum simulator in classical hardware. We use real-world, non-stationary elevation datasets of NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and synthetic datasets generated by Quantum Gaussian Processes. Beyond modeling advantages, our framework highlights potential computational speedups that quantum hardware may provide, particularly in Gaussian processes and distributed optimization.